Comprehension 理解
Give short answers to these questions in your own words as far as possible．Use one complete sentence for each answer.
1 In what way does the modern climber's attitude towards mountains differ from that of the pioneer?
2 Name three factors which made most Alpine villages inhospitable places.
Vocabulary 词汇
Refer to the text to see how the following words have been used, then write sentences of your own using these words: route (1.1); regarded (1.2); summit (1.3); sought (1.3); faced (1.4); perilous (1.5); shudder (1.5); court (1.6);solitary (1.6); coarse (1.12); boasted (1.12); invariably (1.14).
Sentence structure句子结构
A Combine the following statements to make complete sentences．Add conjunctions of your own and omit the words or phrases in italics．Do not refer to the passage until you have finished the exercise:
1 It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties．They often faced dangers of the most perilous nature．They were equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought．They did not go out of their way to court such excitement．(11.4-6)
2 One or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix had rapidly become popular．Alpine villages tended to be impoverished settlements．They were cut off from civilization by high mountains．(11.8-10)
3 Often a valley boasted no inn at all．Climbers found shelter wherever they could．They sometimes found .shelter with the local priest．(He was usually as poor as his parishioners.) They sometimes found shelter with shepherds or cheese-makers．(11.12-14)
B Write three sentences saying why you like or dislike mountaineering.
Key structures
A Study the form of these sentences:
The more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded．(11.1-2)
The quicker you work, the sooner you will finish.
Write sentences using the following words:
1 The more ____ the less ____.
2 The more ____ the worse ____.
3 The sooner ____ the better ____.
B Give the correct form of the verbs in parentheses in the paragraph below．Do not refer to the passage until you have finished the exercise:
Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded．In the pioneering days, however, this ____ (be) not the case at all．The early climbers ____ (look) for the easiest way to the top because the summit ____ (be) the prize they ____ (seek), especially if it ____ (never attain) before．It is true that during their explorations they often ____ (face) difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which ____ (make) a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they ____ (not go) out of their way to court such excitement．They ____ (have) a single aim, a solitary goal----the top! (11.1-7)
C Note the position of the word often in these sentences:
They often faced difficulties and dangers．(11.4-5)
The food (was) simply local cheese accompanied by bread (which was) often twelve months old．(11.11-12)
Often a valley boasted no inn at all．(1.12)
In the following sentences, the word often can be placed in two or more different positions．Indicate the correct positions in each sentence:
1 I am in such a hurry, I don't have time for breakfast.
2 We buy things we don't really need．
3 He is sent abroad by his firm.
D Compare these two sentences:
It is hard for us to realize…how difficult it was… (1.8)
It is hard to realize how difficult it was.
Complete the following sentences:
1 It was impossible for them ____.
2 It is difficult ____.
3 It is easy for you ____.
E Note the use of such in these two sentences:
They did not go out of their way to court such excitement．(1.6)
Such inns as there were were generally dirty．(11.10-11)
Write sentences using the following phrases:
such requests; such freedom; such difficulty; such films.
F Note the form of the verb in italics:
For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners… (1.15)
Complete the following using a verb after each phrase:
1 I am used to ____.
2 Do you object to my ____?
3 I am looking forward to ____.
Special difficulties 难点
A Study the following pairs of words and then write sentences of your own to bring out the difference.
1 case (1.2)----situation
Do you know the date of the last recorded case of smallpox?
The waiter brought me the bill and I didn't have enough money．I'd never been in such a situation before.
2 especially (11.3-4)----specially
I think you'll find this article especially interesting.
I've had this area specially designed as a herb garden.
3 realize (1.8)----understand
I hope you realize that you're making a big mistake.
I don't think I understand the meaning of the sentence.
4 except for (1.8)----except
Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.
You can have any of the cakes except this one.
5 coarse (1.12)----course
He wore an old jacket made of coarse cloth.
In a French household, soup is generally the first course of the main meal of the day.
6 home (1.16)----house
When I'm abroad, my thoughts are never far from home.
They live in a large house.
B Explain the meaning of the phrases in italics:
1 They did not go out of their way to court such excitement．(1.6)
2 Please ask him to get out of the way; I can't get past.
3 We bought a beautiful out-of-the-way cottage, miles from anywhere.
4 Please move that table．Can't you see it's in the way?
5 I'll call in and see you on my way home from work.
6 We must do this exercise in the way we have been taught.
Multiple choice questions 多项选择题
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension 理解
1 Modern climbers differ from their predecessors because they _____.
a．like to find the easiest way to the top of a mountain
b．like sport
c．prefer difficult climbs to easy ones
d．always follow a particular route
2 It is probably true to say that modern climbers ____.
a．enjoy testing themselves on difficult climbs
b．avoid dangerous situations
c．are not as well equipped as earlier climbers
d．are only interested in getting to the top of a mountain
3 The pioneers had a hard time because ____.
a．Zermatt and Chamonix had rapidly become popular
b．Alpine villages were primitive
c．the mountains were extremely high
d．there wasn't anything to eat
4 It is probably true to say that early climbers _____.
a．had seven course dinners when they were climbing
b．didn't mind uncomfortable conditions
c．always found accommodation with the local priest
d．enjoyed a higher standard of living back home
Structure 句型
5 Earlier climbers liked summits _____ had never been climbed before．(11.2-4)
a．which
b．which they
c．that they
d．unless they
6 ____ single aim was getting to the top．(11.6-7)
a．They're
b．There
c．Their
d．Theirs
7 _____ Zermatt and Chamonix, most places were unknown．(11.8-9)
a．Except
b．Unless
c．Without
d．Apart from
8 _____ were generally dirty and flea-ridden．(11.10-11)
a．The few inns that existed
b．Inns like this
c．Such inns
d．Few inns
Vocabulary 词汇
9 In the pioneering days this was not the ______ at all．(1.2)
a．condition
b．situation
c．history
d．event
10 They often faced difficulties of the most ____ nature．(11.4-5)
a．dangerous
b．dreadful
c．extreme
d．pitiful
11 -all washed down with _____wine.(1.12)
a．course
b．sour
c．rough
d．new
12 Often a valley ______ no inn at all.(1.12)
a．was proud of
b．advertised
c．showed
d．possessed
