Comprehension 理解
Give short answers to these questions in your own words as far as possible．Use one complete sentence for each answer.
1 Which two factors weigh heavily against the effectiveness of scientific research in industry?
2 Why are some processes in chemical industries never patented at all?
3 Why are some firms reluctant to borrow books from libraries?
Vocabulary 词汇
Refer to the text to see how the following words have been used, then write sentences of your own using these words: weigh heavily against (1.1); lack (1.2); effective contact (1.4); fundamental (1.6); processes (1.7); applies (1.9); trace (1.14); likely (1.14).
The paragraph 段落
A Which of these statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? Give reasons for your choice:
1 The effectiveness of scientific research in industry is hampered by the general atmosphere of secrecy which surrounds it and by the lack of freedom of the individual research worker.
2 Scientific research in industry is not very effective because big firms wish to keep so many processes secret.
3 Many scientific processes in industry are kept secret until they can be patented．
B The following sentences have been taken from lines 5-10．Arrange them in their correct order．Do not refer to the passage until you have finished the exercise:
1 The degree of secrecy naturally varies considerably.
2 This applies particularly to chemical industries, where chance discoveries play a much larger part than they do in physical and mechanical industries.
3 Some of the bigger firms are engaged in researches which are of such general and fundamental nature that it is a positive advantage to them not to keep them secret.
4 Even more processes are never patented at all but kept as secret processes.
5 Yet a great many processes depending on such research are sought for with complete secrecy until the stage at which patents can be taken out.
Key structures 关键句型
A Change the form of the verbs in each of these sentences．Omit the words in italics．Do not refer to the passage until you have completed the exercise:
1 One is the general atmosphere of secrecy in which they carry it out．(11.1-2)
2 They seek for a great many processes with complete secrecy until the stage at which they can take out patents．(11.7-8)
3 Even more processes they never patent at all but keep as secret processes．(11.8-9)
4 Sometimes the secrecy goes to such an extent that they cannot mention the whole nature of the research．(1.10-11)
B Give the correct form of the verbs in parentheses in the following sentences．Do not refer to the passage until you have completed the exercise:
1 In so far as any inquiry is a secret one, it naturally limits all those engaged in ______(carry) it out．(1.3)
2 Many firms, for instance, have great difficulty in ______(obtain) technical or scientific books from libraries．(11.11-12)
C Complete the following sentences using a verb after the words in italics:
1 He was engaged in ______.
2 He was prevented from ______.
3 He insisted on ______.
4 If you persist in ______.
D Note the position of not in this sentence:
It is a positive advantage to them not to keep them secret．(ll.6-7)
Supply not in each of the following sentences:
1 He told me to mention it to you.
2 Please tell him to call in the morning.
3 Didn't I beg you to write to him?
E What is the difference between these two sentences:
They are unwilling to enter their names as having taken out such and such a book.
They are unwilling to have their names entered as having taken out such and such a book, (11.12-13)
Write these sentences again using the correct form of have with the verbs in italics:
1 We are going to decorate this room soon.
2 I repaired this watch last year.
3 Will you install the television in this room?
F Note that in the following sentence we may use the word lest in place of for fear:
Many firms are unwilling to have their names entered as having taken out such and such a book lest (or for fear) the
agents of other firms should be able to trace the kind of research they are likely to be undertaking．(11.1 1-14)
Write two sentences using lest and for fear.
Special difficulties 难点
A Note the use of fellow in this phrase: ‘with their fellow scientists’ (1.4)．Write three sentences using fellow with the following words: men; students; workers.
B Write sentences using the following phrases:
in so far as (1.3); often enough (1.4); to such an extent (1.1 1); the whole nature of (1.11).
C Explain the expressions in italics in the following sentences:
1 In so far as any inquiry is a secret one, it naturally limits all those engaged in carrying it out．(1.3)
2 I think we can carry on without your help.
3 The audience was completely carried away by the wonderful perfomance of the soloist.
4 The government failed to carry through the new bill on housing in the House of Commons last night.
D What do you understand by the phrase in italics:
They are unwilling to have their names entered as having taken out such and such a book．(11.12-13)
Write a sentence using the phrase such and such.
Multiple choice questions 多项选择题
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension 理解
1 Fear of industrial espionage ______.
a．leads to lack of freedom in scientific research
b．especially applies to scientific research of a general and fundamental nature
c．can lead to secrecy in scientific research
d．creates an atmosphere of distrust in business
2 Which of these statements is true?
a．Some kinds of scientific research are ‘more secret’ than others.
b．All kinds of scientific research are top secret.
c．Firms never tell anyone anything about their scientific research.
d．Scientific research workers never speak to each other.
3 Firms want to be sure ______.
a．they limit all those engaged in carrying out scientific research
b．that larger companies can't find out about their scientific research
c．they are working in an atmosphere of complete secrecy
d．they own the rights to intellectual property before they reveal what they're doing
4 The possibility of making discoveries by accident ______.
a．make it difficult to obtain scientific books from libraries
b．encourages competition from other agents
c．increases the need for secrecy
d．means that every discovery has to be patented
Structure 句型
5 One is the general atmosphere of secrecy ______．(11.1-2)
a．which it is carried out
b．which is carried out
c．it is carried out
d．it is carried out in
6 ______ any inquiry is a secret one, it naturally limits - (1.3)
a．With regard to
b．As well as
c．Supposing that
d．To the extent that
7 Some of the bigger firms are engaged in researches which are ______ general that it is a positive advantage to them not to keep them secret．(11.6-7)
a．such
b．so
c．so that
d．in order that
8 They ______even more processes as secret processes．(11.8-9)
a．keep
b．kept
c．are kept
d．are keeping
Vocabulary 词汇
9 There is the ______of freedom of the individual research worker．(1.2)
a．loss
b．emptiness
c．absence
d．luck
10 It naturally limits all those engaged in ______．(1.3)
a．performing it
b．involving it
c．betrothed to it
d．allowing it
11 It is ______not to keep them secret．(11.6-7)
a．with their knowledge
b．on their account
c．in their best interests
d．for their benefit
12 Sometimes the secrecy goes to such a ______that ..．(1.1.10-11)
a．degree
b．process
c．limit
d．period