Comprehension 理解
Answer these questions:
1 Why is the expense of government increased if a nation is disunited?
2 What do you understand by the phrase‘administrative overheads’? (11.8-9)
Vocabulary 词汇
Refer to the text to see how the following words have been used, then write sentences of your own using (1.10); distribute as dividends (1.17); precisely (1.19); unduly (1.23).
Summary 摘要
Drawing your information from lines 5-23 (‘This may be… costs of government’), show how the running of a business enterprise can be compared with the running of a country. Do not write more than 120 words.Your answer should be in one paragraph.
Composition 作文
A Write a list of ideas in note form which could be used to discuss this subject:
Ideally, a civil service should consist of a permanently appointed body of men wo are not necessarily affiliated to the political party that is in power at any particular time.
B Drawing on your list of ideas, write a composition of about 400 words.
Key structures 关键句型
A Supply the correct form of the verbs in parentheses in the following sentences. Do not refer to the passage until you have completed the exercise:
1 This reduces the amount of economic resources that could be used for _______(develop) the country. (11.1-3)
2 This may be illustrated by _______(compare) the position of a nation with that of a private business enterprise.(1.5)
3 We are concerned only with the cost of ______ (manage) and _______(administer) the business. (11.6-7)
4 It will be low because it will be necessary to have only one man _______(look)after each job, without ______ (have)another man to check upon what he is doing. (11.11-13)
5 The earnings of the business, after_____(meet) the expense of administration, will fall. (1.16)
B Write these sentences again so that they begin with the words given in parentheses. Make any other necessary changes. Do not refer to the passage until you have completed the exercise:
1 We should not forget how small these resources are. (It) (1.3)
3 Only one kind of cost concerns us. (We) (11.6-7)
4 We can trust each of them to take such responsibilities. (They) (1.10)
5 We cannot trust anyone to act in a loyal and responsible manner. (No one) (11.13-14)
6 We can rely upon the people to behave in a loyal and responsible manner. (The people) (11.19-20)
C In which of the following sentences would it be possible to use in order to in place of to? Do not refer to the passage until you have completed the exercise:
1 An enterprise has to incur certain costs and expenses to stay in business. (1.6)
2 They can be trusted to take such responsibilities. (1.10)
3 No one can be trusted to act in a loyal and responsible manner. (11.13-14)
4 The government does not require armies of police and civil servants to keep them in order. (11.20-21)
D Note the use of best in this sentence:
Everyone working in the business can be trusted to behave in a way that best pormotes the interest of the firm.(11.9-10)
Write sentences using the following expressions:
best illustrates; best describes; best explains.
Special difficulties 难点
A Study the following pairs of words and then write sentences of your own to bring out the difference.
1 earnings (1.16)----profits
The foreign earnings of the company this year are down because of the high exchange value of the dollor. (=money from work or trade)
Our profits figure for the current year will be sharply reduced by provision for bad debts arising from war in Africa.(=money earned from trade after all costs have been deducted)
2 watch (1.22)----follow
I'm watching the game on TV.
The dog followed me all the way home.
Sorry! The phone rang, and I haven't quite followed what you were saying. (i. e. with the mind: understood)
3 check (1.22)---- control (1.22)
Check the tyres before you leave.
The state no longer controls the price of grain.
B Explain the meaning of the words in italics:
1 And it should not be forgotten how small those resources are in a poor and backward country. (11.3-4)
2 The train had to go backwards for half a mile.
3 She is concerned with the care of backward children.
C How does the position of only affect the meaning of the following sentences:
1 We are concerned only with one kind of cost. (11.6-7)
2 We only are concerned.
3 We are concerned with only one kind of cost.
4 We are concerned with one kind of cost only.
Multiple choice questions 多项选择题
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension 理解
1 If a country has to spend a lot of money on government, it _______.
a．won't have much over for other expenditure
b．will remain essentially disunited
c．will become a poor and back ward nation
d．will be able to develop rapidly
2 A private business enterprise can only stay in business _______.
a．by relating to the cost of government in a nation
b．if it distributes dividends on a regular basis
c．by spending money
d．by assessing the cost of each job
3 The costs of running a business can be kept low, if ______ .
a．business earnings remain high
b．there is an atmosphere of trust in a company
c．people enjoy their jobs
d．there is a good system for checking all employees
4 The cost of government ______ .
a．includes the employment of armies of administrators
b．cannot be compared in any way with running a business
c．is in direct proportion to the responsible behaviour of its citizens
d．always rises regardless of circumstances
Structure 句型
5 You can illustrate this_____ compare the position of a nation…(1.5)
a．though you
b．would you
c．if you
d．to
6 For our purposes, what ______ us is only one kind of cost. (11.6-7)
a．concerns
b．is concerned
c．is concerning
d．concerning
7 The administrative overheads in a business are low ________everyone…(11.8-9)
a．even if
b．however much
c．in so far as
d．supposing
8 ________ the people can be relied upon to behave… (1.19)
a．Even if
b．However much
c．As long as
d．Supposing
Vocabulary 词汇
9 This increase reduces _______the amount that could be used for… (11.1-2)
a．together
b．in response
c．in writing
d．proportionately
10 We are concerned only with the cost of managing and ______the business. (11.6-7)
a．organizing
b．conducting
c．establishing
d．developing
11 The business will have less money to ______ or invest…(11.17-18)
a．share out
b．acquire
c．dispose
d．amass
12 A disunited nation has to incur ______high costs of government. (11.22-23)
a．unacceptably
b．unexpectedly
c．excessively
d．extremely