Summary writing 摘要写作
巴士英语www.xiao84.com
Answer these questions in not more than 45 words.
回答下列问题，将答案组成一个段落，不要超过45个单词。
1 Do we own an old clavichord, or do we own a new piano?
2 When was it made?
3 Who bought the instrument many years ago?
4 Who damaged it recently?
5 What did she try to do?
6 What did she break?
7 Who is repairing it now?
Key structures 关键句型
It was made in Germany in 1681. (一般过去时中的)被动语态
在第1册的第141-144课中我们接触到了被动语态这一语法现象，现在我们来对比一下被动语态与主动语态在使用上的区别。
a Read these two questions and answers.
读一读这两个问题并回答。
Who built this bridge?谁修建的这座桥？
Prisoners of war built this bridge in 1942. 战俘于1942年建的这座桥。
When was this bridge built?桥是什么时候建的？
This bridge was built in 1942. 桥是1942年建的。
In the first question we want to know who built the bridge. In the second question we want to learn about the bridge.
在第一个问题中我们想知道是谁建了这座桥，在第二个问题中我们想弄清有关桥的一些情况。因此，第一句使用了主动语态，第二句运用了被动语态。
We can still say who built it. We can say:我们也可以讲清是什么人修建的这座桥，用“by+动作执行者”的结构来表示，我们可以说：
This bridge was built by prisoners of war in 1942. 这座桥是战俘于1942年修建的。
b Now read these pairs of sentences carefully. The first sentence in each pair tells us about a person. (Who) The second tells us about a thing. (What or Which)
仔细地阅读以下几对句子，每对中的第一句话告诉我们一个人(回答“谁”)，第二句话告诉我们一件事(回答“什么”或“哪一个”)。
Workmen are building a new road outside my house. (Who)工人们正在我的房子外面修一条新路。
A new road is being built outside my house. (What)我的房子外面有一条新路在建设之中。
The newsagent delivers our papers every morning. (Who)每天上午送报人来送我们的报纸。
Our papers are delivered every morning. (What)我们的报纸每天上午送到。
The postman delivered a letter this morning. (Who)今天上午邮递员送来了一封信。
A letter was delivered this morning. (What)今天上午来了一封信。
c Now read these sentences:
仔细阅读以下句子：
|
Instead of saying: |
We can say: |
|
除了这种表述方法外： |
还可以说： |
|
The police arrested the thief. |
The thief was arrested (by the police). |
|
He gave me a present. |
I was given a present. |
|
The headmaster has punished the boy. |
The boy has been punished (by the headmaster). |
Exercises 练习
A Answer these questions on the passage. Write a complete answer to each question.
回答以下有关课文的问题，写出完整的句子。
1 What is our old musical instrument called?
2 Where was it made?
3 Where is it kept?
4 When was it bought?
5 When was it damaged?
6 How many strings were broken?
7 How did my father feel about this?
8 What aren't we allowed to do?
9 What is being done to the clavichord?
B Change the form of the phrases in italics. Do not refer to the passage until you finish the exercise.
将斜体印出的短语改成被动语态，完成练习后再对照课文核对你的答案。
We have an old musical instrument. We call it a clavichord. Someone made it in Germany in 1681. We keep our clavichord in the living room. My grandfather bought the instrument many years ago. Recently a visitor damaged it. She struck the keys too hard and broke two of the strings. This shocked my father. Now he does not allow us to touch it. A friend of my father's is repairing it.
Special difficulties 难点
a Made in, Made of, Made from, Made by与被动语态的made连用的几个介词
Made in (a country) 表示产地： It was made in Germany. (11. 1-2)
Made of (a material) 表示用某种材料制成： The tea pot is made of silver. 茶壶是银制的。
Made from (a number of materials) 表示用数种材料制成： Glass is made from sand and lime. 玻璃是由沙和石灰制成的。
Made by (someone) 表示制造人： This cake was made by my sister. 这块蛋糕是我姐姐做的。
Exercise 练习
Supply the correct words in the following.
用正确的介词填空。
1 Is your watch made ______ gold?
2 These knives were made ______ Sheffield.
3 This cake was made ______ sugar, flour, butter and eggs.
b A friend of my father's (11. 7-8) 见课文中第7-8行的双重所有格
Instead of saying: We can say:
除了这种表述方法外： 还可以说：
He is one of my father's friends. He is a friend of my father's.
Tom lent me one of his books. Tom lent me a book of his.
He is one of my friends. He is a friend of mine.
Exercise练习
Change the form of the phrases in italics.
改写以下斜体部分。
1 He borrowed one of my records.
2 She showed me one of John's pictures.
3 It was one of her ideas.
4 One of your letters was found on my desk.
5 Some of their friends came to see me.
Multiple choice questions 多项选择题
Comprehension 理解
1 The old musical instrument
a．has been in the family for a long time
b．was bought recently
c．was sold recently
d．was repaired recently
2 How did the visitor damage the clavichord?
a．She played jazz on it.
b．She played it.
c．She cut the strings.
d．She hit the keys too hard.
Structure 句型
3 Our clavichord is kept in the living room. That's where we ______ it.
a．kep b．have kept
c．are keeping d．keep
4 It has belonged to our family for years. It's the ______ .
a．families b．families'
c．family's d．familys'
5 The family have had the clavichord ______ many years.
a．since b．for
c．from d．by
6 Who ______ it? Grandfather did.
a．buy b．was bought
c．bought d．did buy
7 We are not allowed to touch it. We ______ touch it.
a．mustn't b．mustn't to
c．haven't to d．don't have to
Vocabulary 词汇
8 What's it ______ ? A clavichord.
a．told b．said
c．called d．spoken
9 It's kept in the living room. That's where we ______ it.
a．have b．hold
c．lift d．carry
10 The visitor damaged it. She ______ it.
a．hurt b．pained
c．broke d．destroyed
11 Recently it was damaged. She damaged it ______ .
a．late b．lastly
c．lately d．finally
12 A friend of my father's is ______ the clavichord.
a．mending b．making
c．doing d．building
Sentence structure 句子结构
Rewrite this sentence, then check your answer against the text.
改写以下句子，然后对照课文第3-4行，核对你的答案。
It was my grandfather who bought the instrument many years ago.
The instrument ______
