Comprehension 理解
Give short answers to these questions in your own words as far as possible．Use one complete sentence for each answer.
1 In what way is a modern factory similar to a large city?
2 What, according to the author, led to the building of huge skyscrapers?
3 What do those who enjoy living in cities fail to realize?
Vocabulaary 词汇
Refer to the text to see how the following words have been used, then write sentences of your own using by great crowds（1.13）.
The paragraph 段落
A Which of these statements best expresses the author's main argument? Give reasons for your choice:
1 Modern cities have not been planned for the good of their inhabitants.
2 Man is obsessed by the desire for profit.
3 Great cities, like modern factories, impose on us an artificial way of life.
B The following sentences are taken from lines 1-6．Arrange them in their correct order．Do not refer to the passage until you have finished the exercise:
Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible.
In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected．
It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory.
Key structures 关键句型
A Give the correct form of the verbs in parentheses．Do not refer to the passage until you have finished the exercise:
In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers completely ______(neglect)．Modern industry ______(base) on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible．It ______(expand) without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who (run) the machines, and without ______(give) any consideration to the effect produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory．The great cities ______(build) with no regard for us．(11.1-6)
B Study the pattern in italics in this sentence:
Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may (or might) earn as much money as possible．(11.2-4)
Complete the following sentences:
1 He is attending English classes in order that ______.
2 She works very hard in order that ______.
3 The Prime Minister has gone abroad in order that ______.
C Note the phrase in italics: ‘In order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible.’(11.3-4)
Write sentences using the following phrases:
as many as possible; as far as possible; as few as possible; as little as possible.
D Write sentences using the following expressions:
influence upon (1.1); based on (1.2); the true nature of (1.4); mode of (1.6); regard for (1.6); depend on (1.7); the necessity of (1.7); deprived of (1.11); consist of (1.11); full of (1.12).
E Compare these two sentences:
Instead of saying : Although they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life.
We can say: While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life．(11.10-11)
Complete the following sentences using your own words:
1 While we are less concerned ______.
2 While modern cities have grown in size ______.
3 While factory conditions have improved ______.
Special difficulties 难点
A Study the following pairs of words and then write sentences of your own to bring out the difference.
1 physiological (1.1 ) ---- psychological
The doctor could not find any physiological cause of his illness.
John says he's got some sort of virus, but I'm sure it's psychological.
2 neglect (1.2) ---- ignore
Heavy drinking is one reason why some people neglect themselves.
I won't accept any responsibility if you choose to ignore my advice.
3 modern (1.2) ---- contemporary
The original supermarkets were small by modern standards.
I have no interest at all in contemporary Japanese prints.
4 earn (1.3) ---- win
He earns nearly 45,000 dollars a year.
Who do you think will win the next election?
5 please (1.8) ---- beg
It pleases me to say that we got what we wanted as a result of taking your advice.
I beg you to consider carefully before you make up your mind．
B Note this use of per in the sense of for each:
The necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground ..．(11.7-8)
Write sentences using the following expressions:
per mile; per hour; per person; per yard; per cent.
C Explain the meaning of the verb crowd in these sentences:
1 Large masses of human beings are crowded together．(11.9-10)
2 When it began to rain, everyone crowded into the building.
3 He crowded a lot of information into the last chapter.
D What is the plural of the following words:
necessity; mass; bus; gas; lorry; taxicab; city.
Multiple choice questions 多项选择题
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension 理解
1 The purpose of modern industry is to ______.
a．produce as much as possible as cheaply as possible
b．ignore the mental and physical state of the workers
c．enable individuals to earn as much money as possible
d．achieve maximum production regardless of cost
2 Factories require people to ______.
a．run machines without thinking
b．lead an unnatural way of life
c．ignore the effects produced on individuals
d．take into account the true nature of human beings
3 According to the writer, some people who live in modern cities ______.
a．try to obtain maximum income from property
b．are responsible for the shape and dimension of skyscrapers
c．take pleasure in living in the conditions a city imposes
d．offer tenants offices and apartments that please them
4 The writer believes that conditions in modern cities ______.
a．have caused the construction of gigantic buildings
b．are deprived of the necessities of life
c．are comfortable and luxurious
d．are actively harmful to the inhabitants
Structure 句型
5 It is based on maximum production ______earn as much as possible．(11.2-3)
a．for individuals to
b．so as individuals
c．for individuals
d．in order individuals
6 It has expanded with ______idea of the true nature of human beings．(1.4)
a．little
b．few
c．some
d．no
7 This caused the construction of gigantic buildings ______too large masses ..．(1.9)
a．at which
b．on which
c．to which
d．in which
8 ______ they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling ..．(11.10-11)
a．During
b．Though
c．At the time
d．When
Vocabulary 词汇
9 The ______of the factory on workers has been completely neglected．(11.1-2)
a．effect
b．affection
c．extent
d．measurement
10 The city has ______without any idea of the true nature of human beings．(1.4)
a．grown up
b．grown
c．been grown
d．been grown up
11 They are ______the necessities of life．(1.11)
a．denied
b．refused
c．discarded
d．ignored
12 The modern city ______monstrous edifices and dark narrow streets．(11.11-12)
a．consists
b．cohabits
c．comprises
d．constitutes