Comprehension 理解
Answer these questions：
1 What does the author mean by the phrase‘the two-dimensional shape of the sea surface’? (11.1-2)
2 Which sentence in the first paragraph suggests that before the expedition of H.M.S.Challenger the sea bed was not considered as an object for serious study?
3 What lies immediately between the continental slope and the true ocean floor?
Vocabulary词汇
Refer to the text to see how the following words have been used, then write sentences of your own using crust(1.14); superimposed(1.14); vertical(1.22) ；tailing-off(1.23)；eroded(1.24) .
Summary摘要
A Drawing your information from the first two paragraphs(lines 1-19)，write a list of points in note form, outlining the author's account of the study of the sea bed.
B Using this list of points, reconstruct the author's account in not more than 120 words. Your answer should be in one paragraph.
Composition作文
Write a composition of about 300 words on the following subject:
Man has done relatively little to exploit the wealth of the sea.
You may use some or all of the ideas given below if you wish:
1 The intensive study of the sea is comparatively recent.
2 The sea as a source of power: harnessing the tides to provide electricity.
3 The sea as a source of food: distilling water from the sea; fish; plankton as a source of protein to feed growing world population; ‘cultivating’the sea bed.
4 The sea as a source of wealth: obtaining minerals; oil or gas under the sea (e.g. the North Sea).
5 The setting up of permanent villages under the sea; the pioneer work of Jacques Cousteau.
Key structures关键句型
A Supply the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. Do not refer to the passage until you have finishedthe exercise:
1 Our knowledge of the oceans a hundred years ago ____(confine) to the two-dimensional shape of the seasurface. (11.1-2)
2 It was not until 1869, when H. M. S. Porcupine ____(put) at the disposal of the Royal Society for several cruises, that a series of deep soundings ____(obtain) in the Atlantic and the first samples ____(collect) by dredging the bottom. (11.5-7)
3 Today enough soundings are available to enable a relief map of the Atlantic ____(draw) and we know something of the great variety of the sea bed's topography. (11.12-13)
B Compare these two sentences:
Instead of saying: It was only in 1869, that a series of deep soundings was obtained in the Atlantic.
We can say: It was not until 1869 ... that a series of deep soundings was obtained in the Atlantic. (11.5-7)
Change the following sentences in the same way.
1 I only understood what had happened when I read the report in the newspaper.
2 The plane will only take off again when the engine has been checked.
3 Tom only got home at four o'clock this morning.
4 I shall return this book to the library only after I have read it.
5 He agreed to deliver the goods only after I had paid for them.
C Compare the uses of since in these two sentences:
1 Since the sea covers the greater part of the earth's surface, form of the crust of the earth. (11.13-14)
2 I have not seen him since last week.
Write two sentences illustrating these two uses of since.
Special difficulties难点
A Study the following pairs of words and then write sentences of your own to bring out the difference.
1 flat (1.4) ---- level
In front of the hotel is a perfectly flat sandy beach. (= smooth without hollows and bumps)
You have to adjust it so that the front is level with the back. (= horizontal and in the same place)
2 disposal (1.6) ---- disposition
Waste paper is one of the biggest problems in rubbish disposal.
This old house may be charming, but the disposition of the rooms is hardly ideal. (= the way they are placed)
Verity has a sweet disposition. (= nature, temperament)
3 worthy (1.8) ---- valuable
Nothing particularly worthy of notice occurred during the two following days.
I won't waste any more of your valuable time.
4 confirm (1.9) ---- assure
Overnight reports of an explosion were officially confirmed the next day.
The police assured us that everything that could be done had been done.
5 rugged (1.16) ---- ragged
North Cornwall has a rugged coastline, with high cliffs.
The begger slept on a pile of ragged blankets.
B Write two sentences using the phrases ‘the open sea’ (1.3) and ‘the open air’.
C Note that the word series (1.6) is singular. Write sentences using the following word: mathematics, news, physics, billiards.
D Write sentences using the following words and phrases:
shortly after (1.7); shortly before; shortly.
E Explain the meaning of the word feature in these sentences:
1 A burst of activity soon confirmed the existence of underwater features of considerable magnitude. (11.9-11)
2 I never enjoy feature films.
3 The present world tour of the President of the United States is featured prominently in all today's newspapers.
4 I hardly recognized him when I saw him again: his features have changed with the years.
F What do you understand by the phrase: ‘the slope averages about 1 in 30.’ (1.21)?
Write sentences using the following expressions:
1 in 10; 1 in 1,000. ‘… the slope averages about 1 in 30 …’ (1.21)
Multiple choice questions 多项选择题
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension 理解
1 A hundred years ago, probably no one thought the deep ocean floor was ____.
a．two dimensional
b．a hazard for navigation
c．irregular
d．flat
2 The H.M.S. Challenger expedition ____.
a．gave the study of the ocean floor scientific respectability
b．took a sounding of over 2,400 fathoms
c．was devoted to dredging the ocean
d．was devoted to laying submarine cables
3 Continents and islands are standing on ____.
a．the topography of the sea bed
b．the earth's crust
c．the greater part of the earth's surface
d．superimposed features of the continents
4 The continental slope ____.
a．starts immediately at the seashore
b．consists entirely of steep, probably vertical cliffs
c．ends at the 100-fathom mark
d．gradually stretches out to the sea bed
Structure 句型
5 It was only____1869 that H.M.S. Porcupine obtained soundings. (11.5-6)
a．on
b．at
c．until
d．in
6 The sea floor became a subject ____studying.
a．worthy
b．worth
c．is worth
d．worths
7 Submarine cables were ____across the Atlantic. (1.9)
a．lying
b．lain
c．laid
d．lied
8 It is ____to regard the sea-floor as the earth's crust. (1.14)
a．less reasonable
b．enough reasonable
c．reasonable enough
d．so reasonable
Vocabulary 词汇
9 The Royal Society was allowed the ____of the H.M.S. Porcupine. (11.5-6)
a．use
b．loan
c．rental
d．exploration
10 A burst of activity ____with the laying of submarine cables … (1.9)
a．coupled
b．communicated
c．connected
d．reckoned
11 … together with the islands and other ____of the oceans. (1.15)
a．studies
b．observations
c．characters
d．characteristics
12 … after being ____from the continental masses. (11.23-24)
a．worn down
b．worn through
c．worn away
d．worn out