Comprehension 理解
Answer these questions:
1 What does the author mean when he says that many people are‘form-blind’? (1.3)
2 What do you understand by the following statement:‘The sensitive observer of sculpture must also learn to feel shape simply as shape, not as a description or reminiscence.’? (11.15-16)
Vocabulary 词汇
Refer to the text to see how the following words have been used, then write sentences of your own using these words: in three dimensions (1.1); involve (1.3); distinguishes (1.4); roughly (1.6); they may attain considerable accuracy in the perception (11.7-8); strive (1.10); visualizes (1.12); combinations (11.19-20).
Summary 摘要
A Drawing your information from the first two paragraphs (lines 1-14), write a list of points in note form to answer the following question: How does a sculptor's appreciation of form differ from that of an ordinary person?
B Using this list of points, reconstruct the author's argument in not more than 90 words. Your answer should be in one paragraph.
Composition 作文
Write a composition of about 300 words on the following subject:
‘The arts (music, literature, painting and sculpture) cannot be enjoyed unless one has a specialized knowledge of them.’
Argue against this statement. You may use some or all of the ideas given below if you wish:
1 Many people enjoy listening to music, reading novels or poetry, looking at pictures or sculpture without knowing anything about the technical difficulties involved in creating works of art.
2 There is a difference between appreciation and enjoyment: in order to appreciate a work of art, one should have a great deal of specialized knowledge; in order to enjoy a work of art, no such knowledge is necessary.
3 Specialized knowledge can increase one's enjoyment: a trained mind knows what to look for.
4 Specialized knowledge can diminish one's enjoyment: it may make you hypercritical and interfere with your response.
5 Artists do not create works of art for those who have specialized knowledge only: often they attempt to communicate to large numbers of people.
6 If specialized knowledge were necessary to enjoy the arts, then only those engaged in the arts would be in a position to enjoy them----something which is demonstrably untrue.
Key structures 关键句型
A Supply the missing words in the following sentences. Do not refer to the passage until you have finished the exercise:
1 That is perhaps why sculpture has been described as____ ____difficult ____all arts; certainly it is____ difficult ____the arts which involve appreciation of flat forms. (1l.l-3)
2 ____ ____people are ‘form-blind’____colour-blind. (11.3-4)
3 But having satisfied the requirements of practical necessity, ____people go no ____. (11.6-7)
B Compare these two sentences:
Instead of saying: When they have satisfied the requirements of practical necessity, most people go no further.
We can say: Having satisfied the requirements of practical necessity, most people go no further. (11.6-7)
Write three sentences beginning with Having.
C Rewrite each of these sentences replacing has to by must:
1 This is what the sculptor has to do. (1.10)
2 He has to strive continually to think of, and use, form in its full spatial completeness. (11.10-11)
3 And the sensitive observer of sculpture also has to learn to feel shape simply as shape, not as description or reminiscence. (11.15-16)
4 He has, for example, to perceive an egg as a simple single solid shape. (1.16)
D Note the construction in italics:
He thinks of it as if he were holding it completely enclosed in the hollow of his hand. (11.11-12)
Complete the following sentences using the same construction:
1 He acted as if____ 2 He talked as if____ 3 It looked as if____
Special difficulties 难点
A Study the following pairs of words and then write sentences of your own to bring out the difference.
1 appreciation (l.1) ---- estimation
I wish to express my appreciation of the numerous courtesies extended to me by the company.
Your estimation of the time needed seems about right. (= approximate calculation, judgment)
2 distinguish (1.4) ---- perceive
We have to distinguish carefully between fact and legend.
I don't perceive any improvement in the economy.
3 depth (1.5) ---- deeps
What depth is this well?
Up till now, we have known more about Space than about the deeps/depths of the oceans on this planet.
4 displace (1.14) ---- replace
Coal is being displaced by natural gas as a major source of energy.
They are replacing the old windows with double glazing.
5 single (l.16) ---- unique
There is not a single public phone in the village.
Each person's fingerprints are unique.
B Explain the meaning of the word form in these sentences:
1 It is more difficult than the arts which involve appreciation of flat forms. (11.2-3)
2 A new golf club has just been formed in our district.
3 How many children are there in your form?
4 I don't feel like playing tennis. I haven't been in very good form lately.
5 There were not enough chairs to go round so we had to sit on forms.
6 Would you please fill up this form?
C Explain the meaning of the phrases in italics:
1 …he knows while he looks at one side what the other side is like. (1.13)
2 What is your new school like?
3 What was the weather like yesterday?
Multiple choice questions 多项选择题
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension 理解
1 Sculpture has been described as the most difficult of the arts because ____.
a．it is not two-dimensional
b．most people are‘form blind’
c．of the difficulty of working in stone
d．it depends on special abilities
2 We all learn about three dimensions ____.
a．as a matter of practical necessity and no more
b．to appreciate sculptural forms
c．through intellectual and emotional effort
d．with considerable accuracy
3 A scuptor must be able to ____.
a．hold his sculpture in the hollow of his hand
b．think of his sculpture viewed from every angle
c．identify himself with his sculpture
d．carry his sculpture inside his head
4 The important thing for a sculptor is the appreciation of the ____of objects.
a．form
b．ideas behind
c．meaning
d．description
Structure 句型
5 ____more people are‘form-blind’. (1.3)
a．Lots of
b．Lot of
c．A lot of
d．A lot
6 But ____the requirements of practical necessity … (1.7)
a．to satisfy
b．when it has satisfied
c．it has satisfied
d．having to satisfy
7 He knows____ he looks at one side what the other side is like. (1.13)
a．as
b．that
c．since
d．during
8 And so with solids ____. (1.17)
a．like to shells
b．as shells
c．such as shell
d．like shells
Vocabulary 词汇
9 It depends on the ability to____ form in three dimensions. (1.1)
a．surrender to
b．reply to
c．answer
d．react to
10 The child learning to see, first makes ____only two-dimensional shape. (1.4)
a．away
b．off
c．out
d．off
11 They do not make the ____intellectual effort. (1.8)
a．exceptional
b．additional
c．more
d．farther
12 He must learn to feel shape not as description or____. (11.15-16)
a．souvenir
b．remembrance
c．memorial
d．something remembered