Comprehension 理解
1 In a single sentence explain the purpose of an oil derrick.
2 Explain in a sentence how oilmen prevent oil from gushing to the surface.
Vocabulary 词汇
Refer to the text to see how the following words have been used, then write sentences of your own using these words: in diameter (1.3); drilling(1.4); haul(1.6); rotated (1.6); every so often (1.8); endeavour (1.12).
The paragraph 段落
A Which of these statements do you think the author would agree with? Give reasons for your choice:
1 The search for oil has led to an improvement in drilling techniques.
2 When drilling for oil, it is difficult to obtain samples of the rocks the drill has been cutting through.
3 Once oil has been found, it is impossible to prevent it from gushing to the surface.
B The following sentences have been taken from the first paragraph (lines 1-7)．Arrange them in their correct order．Do not refer to the passage until you have finished the exercise:
1 My particular experience is largely in oil, and the search for oil has done more to improve deep drilling than any other mining activity.
2 When it has been decided where we are going to drill, we put up at the surface an oil derrick.
3 The deepest holes of all are made for oil, and they go down to as much as 25,000 feet.
4 The holes are only borings, less than a foot in diameter.
5 But we do not need to send men down to get the oil out, as we must with other mineral deposits.
6 It has to be tall because it is like a giant block and tackle, and we have to lower into the ground and haul out of the ground great lengths of drill pipe which are rotated by an engine at the top and are fitted with a cutting bit at the bottom.
Key structures 关键句型
A Supply the correct form of the missing verbs (must, need or have to) in these sentences．Do not refer to the passage until you have finished the exercise:
1 We do not_______ to send men down to get the oil out, as we _______ with other mineral deposits．(11.1-2)
2 It _____ be tall because it is like a giant block and tackle and we ______ lower into the ground and haul out of the ground great lengths of drill pipe．(11.5-6)
3 The geologist _______ to know what rocks the drill has reached．(1.8)
4 This pressure _______ be under control, and we control it by means of the mud which we circulate down the drill pipe．(11.11-12)
B Supply a or the where necessary in the following．Do not refer to the passage until you have finished the exercise: ______ deepest holes of all are made for _____ oil, and they go down to as much as 25,000 feet．But we do not need to send _______ men down to get _____ oil out, as we must with _____ other mineral deposits．_____ holes are only borings, less than _____ foot in _____ diameter.____ my particular experience is largely in _____ oil, and ______ search for _____ oil has done more to improve ______ deep drilling than any other mining activity．(11.1-4)
C Supply (be) going to or will in these sentences:
1 When it has been decided where we ______ drill, we put up at the surface an oil derrick．(11.4-5)
2 Ask Mary．I'm sure she ______ be able to help you.
3 He _____ be far more co-operative if you speak to him nicely.
4 If ever you want any information, we _______ always be glad to help you.
5 He's changed his mind again．He ______ make out another will.
D Note the order of the words in italics:
The geologist needs to know what rocks the drill has reached, (1.8)
Complete the following sentences:
1 Tell me where ______.
2 I don't know why ________.
3 Ask him how _________.
4 Did he tell you when ________.
E Note the word order in this sentence:
We want it to stay down the hole．(1.13)
Write sentences using the same pattern with the following verbs: allow, ask, teach, cause, warn and advise.
Special difficulties 难点
A Study the following pairs of words and then write sentences of your own to bring out the difference.
1 hole (l.1 ) ---- whole
We'll just dig a hole in the ground and bury the box in it.
You have your whole life ahead of you.
2 engine (1.6) ---- machine
A car like this needs a powerful engine.
How often should you equip a factory with new machines?
3 fit (1.7) ---- suit
That jacket really fits you at the shoulders.
Pastel colours suit me.
4 clean (1.9) ---- clear
Please hand me a clean towel.
You must never do that again．Is that clear?
5 control (1.13) ---- check
OPEC no longer has control over the price of oil.
It's hard to keep a check on the number of people coming into the country.
B Supply verbs which could be used in place of the expressions in italics:
1 When it has been decided where we are going to drill, we put up at the surface an oil derrick．(11.4-5)
2 It took them several hours to put out the fire.
3 I won't put up with this sort of thing any longer.
4 Because of the bad weather, the match has been put off until next week.
C Explain the meaning of the words or phrases in italics:
1 Once we get down to the oil, it usually flows to the surface．(1.10)
2 I'm ashamed to say I've only been to the Louvre once.
3 Once upon a time there was a poor woodcutter who lived in a forest.
4 I see him once in a while.
5 I'll come at once.
6 All at once there was a loud explosion.
D Write sentences using the following expressions:
under control (1.13); out of control; beyond control.
E Note the use of off in this sentence: We want it to stay down the hole until we can lead it off in a controlled manner．(1.13)
Write sentences using the following verbs: drive off; cool off; hurry off; switch off; wear off.
Multiple choice questions 多项选择题
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension 理解
1 Deep drilling techniques have improved greatly because _______.
a．of the need to locate oil
b．it is necessary to go down as much as 25,000 feet
c．there is no need to send men down deep holes to get oil
d．of the constant search for mineral deposits
2 It's necessary to put up an oil derrick _____.
a．because it is like a giant block and tackle
b．to rotate the engine at the top
c．to control all the equipment needed to drill a deep hole
d．to decide exactly where to drill for oil
3 The only way of knowing what rocks the drill has reached is to _____.
a．cut clean cylinders of rock
b．use the coring bit
c．take note of the strata below the surface
d．bring up specimen material from time to time
4 If you don't control the oil pressure ________.
a．oil will be forced to the surface with great force
b．mud will have to be circulated down the drill pipe
c．you will have to catch the oil at the surface
d．water will gush to the surface
Structure 句型
5 The holes made for oil go down as ______ as 25,000 feet．(1.1)
a．many
b．long
c．far
d．distant
6 Nothing has done as _____ as to improve deep drilling as the search for oil．(11.3-4)
a．many
b．much
c．long
d．far
7 The geologist needs to know ______ rocks the drill has reached．(1.8)
a．that
b．when
c．how
d．which
8 _____ we get down to the oil, it usually flows with great pressure．(1.10)
a．Immediately
b．The first time
c．Until
d．As long as
Vocabulary 词汇
9 The holes are only borings, less than a foot _____ .(11.2-3)
a．round
b．across
c．through
d．along
10 The engine at the top makes the drill pipe go ______．(1.6)
a．up and down
b．in and out
c．round and round
d．deeper and deeper
11 ______ a sample is obtained with a coring bit．(11.8-9)
a．Every now and again
b．In one way or another
c．Often but not always
d．After a long time
12 We _____ avoid the old, romantic idea of a gusher．(1.12)
a．make sure we
b．can't
c．attempt
d．try to